Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

69.1K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
69.1K
Major Organs of the Digestive System01:19

Major Organs of the Digestive System

9.7K
The digestive system is responsible for the ingestion of food, secretion of enzymes, mixing and digesting food, absorption of the nutrients and defecation. The human digestive system consists of two major parts: the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory digestive organs.
Gastrointestinal tract:
9.7K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

2.0K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
2.0K
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

2.0K
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
2.0K
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

19.5K
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
19.5K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genome-wide genetic overlap between fear-based disorders and generalised anxiety disorder.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Diagnosis provision by young people's mental health services: a comparison with epidemiological data.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of antidepressant response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in clinical studies of depression.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Genome-wide meta-analysis of quantitatively measured generalized anxiety symptoms in individuals of European ancestry.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same author

The role of mothers' speech for children's education beyond the early years.

Child development·2026
Same author

Early-life blood pressure and midlife brain and cognitive health: tests in two birth cohorts.

Brain communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
08:20

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: August 11, 2015

14.7K

A polygenic p factor for major psychiatric disorders.

Saskia Selzam1, Jonathan R I Coleman2,3, Avshalom Caspi2,4,5,6

  • 1MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. saskia.selzam@kcl.ac.uk.

Translational Psychiatry
|October 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A proposed 'p factor' may explain genetic links between mental disorders. This study found strong evidence for a general genetic factor underlying psychopathology across multiple estimation methods.

More Related Videos

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice
06:15

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
08:20

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: August 11, 2015

14.7K
A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice
06:15

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • A unifying 'p factor' has been proposed to represent liability to mental disorder.
  • High genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders suggest an underlying shared genetic architecture.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively compared methods for estimating these genetic correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare genetic correlations derived from different methodologies.
  • To evaluate the support for a general genetic factor (p factor) in psychopathology using these methods.
  • To investigate the hierarchical genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Principal component analysis applied to genetic correlation matrices.
  • Estimation of genetic correlations using family studies, genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA), and linkage-disequilibrium score regression (LDSR).
  • Analysis of polygenic score correlations in a large UK-representative sample (n=7,026).

Main Results:

  • All psychiatric disorders loaded positively onto the first principal component across all four methods.
  • This first principal component, representing the genetic p factor, explained a substantial proportion of variance (22-57%).
  • Consistent support for a general genetic factor was observed across diverse analytical approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide robust evidence for a genetic p factor underlying psychopathology.
  • This genetic p factor represents a key component of the hierarchical genetic architecture of mental disorders.
  • The study highlights the utility of comparing different genetic estimation methods for understanding complex traits.