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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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What is Variation?01:14

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Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
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Variation01:19

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An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

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Epigenetics Variation and Pathogenesis in Diabetes.

Haichen Zhang1, Toni I Pollin2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Room 4040, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.

Current Diabetes Reports
|October 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, including DNA methylation and microRNAs, plays a crucial role in diabetes development. These epigenetic changes offer potential for early detection and prevention strategies for diabetes.

Keywords:
DNA methylationDiabetesEpigeneticsHistone modificationmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic variations are key in diabetes, but epigenetics is increasingly recognized as a vital contributor.
  • Epigenetics traditionally includes DNA methylation and histone modification, often extended to microRNAs.
  • This review focuses on the latest epigenetic findings in diabetes pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding epigenetics in diabetes pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic modifications in various types of diabetes.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic insights for diabetes prediction and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on epigenetics and diabetes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs in diabetes.
  • Examination of emerging technologies for epigenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic changes like methylation and microRNAs are implicated across diabetes types and complications.
  • Specific methylation changes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region may precede type 1 diabetes.
  • Lifestyle factors interact with epigenetic mechanisms in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms significantly contribute to diabetes pathogenesis.
  • Emerging technologies provide deeper insights into gene expression affected by epigenetics.
  • Epigenetic findings may lead to predictive tests for primary diabetes prevention.