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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis
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Membrane innovation: closer to native kidneys.

Markus Storr1, Richard A Ward2

  • 1Baxter International, Research and Development, Hechingen, Germany.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New hemodialysis membranes enhance the removal of uremic toxins, mimicking the kidney's natural filtration. This innovation offers improved patient outcomes without the complexities of online hemodiafiltration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nephrology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Uremia involves retaining proteins up to 60 kDa, including modified forms, which act as uremic toxins.
  • Higher molecular weight retention solutes are implicated in uremic toxicity, with therapies like online hemodiafiltration (HDF) showing improved outcomes.
  • Current HDF therapies face limitations including cost, implementation challenges, and the need for sterile substitution solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel hemodialysis membranes that mimic the glomerular filtration barrier's solute removal profile.
  • To address the limitations of HDF by enabling enhanced toxin removal during conventional hemodialysis.
  • To create membranes that efficiently remove uremic toxins without significant loss of beneficial proteins like albumin.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of new membranes with tighter pore size distribution through controlled polymer characteristics and additives.
  • Optimization of manufacturing processes to achieve desired membrane properties.
  • Reduction in membrane fiber wall thickness and internal diameter to enhance convective transport.

Main Results:

  • New membranes exhibit a solute removal profile closer to the native kidney's glomerular filtration barrier.
  • The membranes allow for an increased absolute pore size without substantial albumin leakage.
  • Reduced fiber dimensions enhance convective transport, eliminating the need for external substitution solutions in conventional hemodialysis.

Conclusions:

  • Novel expanded range membranes offer a more effective solute removal profile compared to existing membranes in conventional hemodialysis.
  • These membranes represent a significant advancement in addressing the limitations of current uremic toxin removal therapies.
  • The development paves the way for improved hemodialysis treatments with outcomes closer to native kidney function.