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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
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Daily Drinking Is Associated with Increased Mortality.

Sarah M Hartz1,2, Mary Oehlert2,3, A C Horton1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research
|October 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-level alcohol consumption, 1-2 drinks per occasion, has a minimum risk for all-cause mortality at approximately 3 times weekly. Daily drinking, even at low levels, increases mortality risk.

Keywords:
Alcohol UseCancer MortalityCardiovascular MortalityMortality

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Low-level alcohol consumption (1-2 drinks/occasion) shows mixed health impacts: cardiovascular benefits but increased cancer risk.
  • Synthesizing the overall health effects of light drinking is complex.
  • This study examines the link between drinking frequency and mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the frequency of low-level alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality.
  • To identify the optimal drinking frequency for minimizing mortality risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two large datasets: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Veterans Health Administration (VA) outpatient records.
  • Inclusion of self-reported alcohol use and mortality follow-up data from 340,668 (NHIS) and 93,653 (VA) individuals.
  • Application of survival analyses to assess the relationship between drinking frequency and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Minimum risk for all-cause mortality was observed at ~3.2 times weekly (NHIS) and 2-3 times weekly (VA).
  • Drinking 7 times weekly (NHIS) or 4-7 times weekly (VA) showed an increased hazard ratio (HR) of 1.23 for all-cause mortality.
  • Secondary analyses indicated minimum risk for cardiovascular mortality at 4 times weekly and cancer mortality at monthly or less consumption.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal frequency for low-level alcohol consumption to minimize all-cause mortality risk is approximately 3 occasions per week.
  • Findings are robust across two distinct datasets (NHIS, VA), supporting their generalizability.
  • Daily low-level alcohol consumption poses a significant health risk, increasing overall mortality.