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Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
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Quantized Minimum Error Entropy Criterion.

Badong Chen, Lei Xing, Nanning Zheng

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    Summary
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    This study introduces quantized minimum error entropy (QMEE), an efficient method to overcome the computational complexity of information potential in machine learning. QMEE significantly speeds up processing for large datasets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Machine Learning
    • Information Theory
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional learning criteria like mean square error are limited in nonlinear and non-Gaussian scenarios.
    • Minimum Error Entropy (MEE) and its Information Potential (IP) cost function offer superior performance in these complex data conditions.
    • The quadratic computational complexity of IP (O(N^2)) presents a significant bottleneck for large datasets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an efficient method to reduce the computational burden of the Information Potential (IP) cost function.
    • To introduce a novel learning criterion, Quantized Minimum Error Entropy (QMEE), for improved computational efficiency.
    • To analyze the fundamental properties of the proposed QMEE criterion.

    Main Methods:

    • An efficient quantization approach was developed to approximate the Information Potential (IP).
    • The computational complexity was reduced from O(N^2) to O(MN), where M << N.
    • Basic properties of the new Quantized Minimum Error Entropy (QMEE) criterion were theoretically investigated.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed quantization approach effectively reduces the computational complexity of IP.
    • The new QMEE criterion achieves a significant decrease in computational cost, making it suitable for large-scale data.
    • Illustrative examples demonstrated the excellent performance of QMEE in linear-in-parameter models.

    Conclusions:

    • QMEE offers a computationally efficient alternative to traditional IP for MEE-based learning.
    • The method addresses the scalability issues associated with IP in machine learning and signal processing.
    • QMEE shows promise for applications requiring efficient processing of large, complex datasets.