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Endogenous rRNA Sequence Variation Can Regulate Stress Response Gene Expression and Phenotype.

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Nutrient stress alters bacterial ribosomes by changing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) composition. This impacts gene expression, stress response, and bacterial phenotypes like antibiotic sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Physiology

Background:

  • Ribosomes were traditionally considered uniform in composition and function.
  • Bacterial stress responses involve complex regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if nutrient limitation stress alters ribosome composition in E. coli.
  • To understand the functional consequences of altered ribosome composition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operon expression under nutrient stress.
  • Characterization of ribosomes with varied rRNA composition.
  • Gene expression profiling and assessment of phenotypic changes.

Main Results:

  • Nutrient limitation stress induced changes in rRNA operon expression, altering rRNA composition in actively translating ribosomes.
  • A specific 16S rRNA variant (rrsH) was upregulated, leading to altered ribosome function.
  • These rrsH-bearing ribosomes affected gene expression, RpoS sigma factor levels, antibiotic sensitivity, biofilm formation, and motility.
  • Regulation involved stress proteins RelA, RelE, and AdhE.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial rRNA sequence variation can naturally occur and modulate ribosome function.
  • Ribosome composition is a dynamic factor influencing gene expression and cellular physiology.
  • This provides a new layer of gene expression regulation in bacteria.