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Regional pulse wave velocity and stress in aneurysmal arch-shaped aorta

Tipapon Khamdaeng1, Pradit Terdtoon2

  • 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering
|October 5, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) changes can indicate aortic aneurysm. This study used fluid structure interaction analysis to show PWV deviations in aneurysmal aortas, suggesting its use as a regional diagnostic marker.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is linked to blood vessel properties and cardiovascular risks like aneurysms.
  • Current global PWV estimation may miss regional vascular changes due to disease.
  • Aortic geometry variations impact accurate PWV assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of aneurysm characteristics on pulse wave propagation and velocity.
  • To determine how aneurysm number, size, and material properties affect PWV.
  • To explore PWV as a regional marker for distinguishing normal from aneurysmal aortic walls.

Main Methods:

  • Fluid structure interaction (FSI) analysis was performed on healthy and aneurysmal aortic arch models.
  • Simulations progressively increased aortic stiffness and aneurysm size to mimic disease progression.
  • PWV was calculated from 2D spatial-temporal plots of normalized wall displacement.

Main Results:

  • Aneurysmal models showed significant deviations in descending forward (up to 9.7%) and arch reflected (up to 122.8%) PWVs compared to healthy models.
  • PWV patterns and magnitudes differed notably between normal and aneurysmal aortic arch models.
  • The study identified specific PWV changes related to aneurysm size and stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • PWV patterns and magnitudes serve as effective regional markers for identifying aneurysmal aortic walls.
  • FSI analysis provides insights into the biomechanics of aneurysmal disease progression.
  • PWV shows potential as a valuable tool in clinical diagnosis for regional vascular assessment.

Keywords:
Aneurysmheterogeneous aortic wallpressure wavestiffness

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