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Related Concept Videos

Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

24.8K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.7K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

1.3K
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
1.3K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

29.9K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
29.9K

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Metal-Free Single Atom Catalyst for N2 Fixation Driven by Visible Light.

Chongyi Ling1,2, Xianghong Niu3, Qiang Li1

  • 1School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel metal-free photocatalyst, boron-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (B/g-C₃N₄), efficiently converts nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃) using solar energy. This breakthrough offers a sustainable and cost-effective method for ammonia production.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Sustainable ammonia (NH₃) production via solar nitrogen (N₂) fixation is highly desirable but hindered by catalyst challenges.
  • Current N₂ reduction research predominantly uses metal-based electrochemical catalysts, neglecting metal-free and solar-driven alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a novel metal-free photocatalyst for efficient solar-driven nitrogen reduction.
  • To explore the potential of boron-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (B/g-C₃N₄) for ammonia synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive first-principles calculations were employed to design and analyze the B/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst.
  • The study focused on the electron "acceptance-donation" concept for catalyst design.

Main Results:

  • The B/g-C₃N₄ catalyst demonstrated efficient reduction of N₂ to NH₃ via an enzymatic mechanism with a low onset potential of 0.20 V.
  • Enhanced visible light absorption and high stability were observed for the B-decorated catalyst.
  • This represents the first report of a metal-free single-atom photocatalyst for N₂ reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The designed B/g-C₃N₄ is a promising, stable, and cost-effective metal-free photocatalyst for sustainable ammonia production.
  • This work opens new avenues for solar-driven N₂ fixation, advancing green chemistry principles.