Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Published on: January 18, 2018
Racial differences in recurrent ischemic stroke risk and recurrent stroke case fatality.
Karen C Albright1, Lei Huang2, Justin Blackburn2
1From the Departments of Epidemiology (K.C.A., L.H., P.M., V.H.), Health Care Organization and Policy (J.B.), Biostatistics (G.H.), and Medicine (V.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (K.C.A.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL; and Department of Neurology (M.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. albrighk@upstate.edu.
Black adults have a higher risk of recurrent stroke compared to white adults. However, 30-day case fatality after a recurrent stroke is lower for Black individuals.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in older adults.
- Racial disparities in stroke outcomes, including recurrence and case fatality, are a significant public health concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate racial differences in 1-year recurrent ischemic stroke incidence.
- To determine black-white disparities in 30-day case fatality following a recurrent stroke in older US adults.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study utilizing a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for ischemic stroke (1999-2013).
- Calculated hazard ratios for recurrent stroke and risk ratios for 30-day case fatality comparing Black to White individuals.
- Adjusted for demographics, risk factors, and competing risk of death.
Main Results:
- Incidence rate of recurrent ischemic stroke per 1,000 person-years was higher for Black (154) vs. White (108) individuals.
- Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for recurrent stroke was 1.36 for Black compared to White individuals.
- 30-day case fatality after recurrent stroke was 21% for Black and 16% for White individuals, with a multivariable-adjusted relative risk of 0.82 for Black individuals.
Conclusions:
- Older Black adults hospitalized for ischemic stroke face a higher risk of stroke recurrence compared to their White counterparts.
- Despite higher recurrence rates, 30-day case fatality after recurrent stroke is lower among older Black adults.
Related Concept Videos
Regulation of Stroke Volume
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Relative Risk
Electric Potential and Potential Difference
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...

