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Related Concept Videos

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Bi-directional cell-pericellular matrix interactions direct stem cell fate.

Silvia A Ferreira1, Meghna S Motwani1, Peter A Faull2

  • 1Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.

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Human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) actively remodel their 3D hydrogel environment. This dynamic interaction, involving matrix synthesis and degradation, influences hMSC fate towards either adipogenesis or osteogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Modifiable hydrogels inform how the 3D environment influences stem cell lineage specification.
  • Cells in native tissues actively interact with and modify their surroundings, a dynamic largely unexplored in hydrogel encapsulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reciprocal interactions between encapsulated human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) and their 3D hydrogel environment.
  • To determine how hMSC-mediated modifications of the hydrogel influence stem cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of hMSC within hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels.
  • Analysis of hMSC-driven matrix synthesis, secretion, arrangement, and hydrogel degradation.
  • Correlation of observed cellular interactions with stem cell lineage specification.

Main Results:

  • hMSC actively modify their pericellular environment by synthesizing, secreting, and arranging proteins.
  • hMSC also degrade the surrounding hyaluronic acid hydrogel.
  • Formation of a secreted proteinaceous pericellular matrix is associated with adipogenesis.
  • Hydrogel degradation is linked to osteogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • hMSC engage in a bi-directional interplay with their 3D microenvironment.
  • The combination of the 3D milieu properties and the cells' secreted pericellular matrix drives hMSC fate.
  • This study highlights the active role of stem cells in shaping their niche and influencing their own differentiation.