Novel millimeter-wave-based method for in situ cell isolation and other applications

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Cell Biology
• Microscopy

Background:

• Laser-based cell isolation methods can be complex and may affect surrounding cells.
• There is a need for precise, non-contact methods for in situ cell manipulation and removal.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a novel instrument for selective cell isolation using millimeter wave (MMW) radiation.
• To investigate the mechanism of cell death induced by MMW hyperthermia and its application in cell culture.

Main Methods:

• Development of the "CellEraser" instrument using a W-band (94 GHz) MMW source for localized heating.
• Targeting unwanted cells with MMWs to induce hyperthermia (50°C) causing detachment.
• Investigating cellular response to MMW-induced hyperthermia, including nuclear membrane integrity and protein denaturation.

Main Results:

• The CellEraser instrument rapidly heats targeted cell areas (500 µm diameter) to 50°C within 2-3 seconds, causing cell detachment.
• MMW heating to 50°C induces cell death by compromising nuclear selectivity without damaging membranes or denaturing proteins.
• Higher temperatures (70°C) lead to "thermofixation," preserving cell structure and increasing membrane permeability for imaging.

Conclusions:

• The CellEraser provides a rapid, non-contact, and selective method for in situ cell isolation and removal.
• MMW-induced hyperthermia offers a new approach to cell manipulation, with potential applications in cell-based assays and diagnostics.
• Thermofixation by MMWs enables advanced immunofluorescence imaging techniques using standard antibodies.