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Thyroid Hemiagenesis in a Thyroiditis Prone Mouse Strain.

Sandra M McLachlan1,2, Holly A Aliesky1, Priscilla Garcia1

  • 1Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.

European Thyroid Journal
|October 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hemiagenesis, a rare congenital condition, was unexpectedly found in euthyroid NOD.H2h4 mice. This spontaneous occurrence in mice mirrors human cases and offers new insights into thyroid development.

Keywords:
EuthyroidHypothyroidThyroid autoimmunityThyroid hemiagenesisThyroiditis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital condition, typically asymptomatic in humans and often detected via ultrasound.
  • Previous reports linked mouse thyroid hemiagenesis to induced deficiencies in key developmental genes, resulting in hypothyroidism.
  • NOD.H2h4 mice, known for spontaneous iodide-enhanced thyroid autoimmunity but maintaining euthyroid status, unexpectedly exhibited thyroid hemiagenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare thyroid hemiagenesis in mice with their bilobed littermates regarding serum T4, autoantibodies, anatomy, and histology.
  • To determine the prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis within a 6-year study of NOD.H2h4 mice.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of serum thyroxine (T4) levels and thyroid autoantibodies (thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase) using ELISA and flow cytometry.
  • Gross anatomical and histological examination of thyroid glands.
  • Prevalence estimation based on long-term observation of NOD.H2h4 mouse colony.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hemiagenesis was identified in 0.3% (3 out of 1,025) of NOD.H2h4 mice, including wild-type and transgenic individuals.
  • Two affected mice presented with significantly enlarged, unilobed thyroid glands, consistent with some human presentations.
  • No significant differences were observed in thyroid lymphocytic infiltration, serum T4 levels, or autoantibody titers between mice with hemiagenesis and their bilobed counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous thyroid hemiagenesis occurs in euthyroid NOD.H2h4 mice, contrasting with hypothyroidism-associated hemiagenesis in gene-deficient models.
  • The observed hemiagenesis in NOD.H2h4 mice is phenotypically similar to cases occasionally seen in humans.
  • This finding highlights a novel spontaneous model for studying thyroid hemiagenesis in a euthyroid autoimmune context.