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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, extending from the mouth to the anus, plays a pivotal role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions facilitated by various enzymes.
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The gastrointestinal elimination process involves a complex interplay of neural and hormonal mechanisms that coordinate the final waste removal from the body. This intricate operation encompasses the absorption of water and electrolytes, vital for transforming the remaining indigestible food matter into feces. The large intestine is pivotal in water and electrolyte absorption, forming feces from unabsorbed minerals, undigested food, bacteria, bile pigments, and shed epithelial cells. Essential...
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Gastrointestinal toxicity induced by microcystins.

Jin-Xia Wu1, Hui Huang1, Lei Yang2

  • 1Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.

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|October 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Microcystins (MCs) from cyanobacteria blooms harm aquatic life and human health. MC exposure causes gastrointestinal toxicity by damaging the gut barrier, altering microbiota, and inhibiting digestion and immune responses.

Keywords:
DepurationGastrointestinal toxicityImmunotoxicityIntestineMicrocystinsOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Microcystins (MCs) are toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria blooms.
  • MCs pose a global environmental and human health risk, impacting aquatic ecosystems.
  • MC exposure is linked to gastrointestinal issues, resembling food poisoning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the multidimensional toxicity of MCs on the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To explore the impact of MCs on gut barrier function and microbiota.
  • To provide a foundation for understanding molecular damage mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vivo and in vitro studies on MCs and gastrointestinal toxicity.
  • Analysis of MCs' effects on gut barrier integrity.
  • Investigation of MCs' influence on gut microbiota composition.

Main Results:

  • MC exposure is positively associated with gastrointestinal toxicity.
  • MCs disrupt gastrointestinal barrier function and alter gut microbiota structure.
  • MCs inhibit digestive enzyme secretion and inflammatory cytokine release, affecting intestinal immune gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • The gastrointestinal tract is a primary target for MC toxicity.
  • Damage to the intestine is closely linked to MC exposure due to its role in nutrient absorption.
  • Further research into molecular damage mechanisms is warranted.