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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Visualizing Protein-DNA Interactions in Live Bacterial Cells Using Photoactivated Single-molecule Tracking
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Visualizing Protein-DNA Interactions in Live Bacterial Cells Using Photoactivated Single-molecule Tracking

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Tracking DNA Synthesis with Single-Molecule Strand Displacement.

Charles E Wickersham, Everett A Lipman

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
    |October 5, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study tracks single DNA polymerase motion during DNA synthesis using strand displacement. The new method reveals high speeds and allows detailed analysis of DNA replication and transcription factors.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biophysics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Previous work tracked single helicase motion using fluorescently labeled DNA.
    • Understanding DNA polymerase dynamics is crucial for comprehending DNA replication and transcription.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To adapt fluorescent DNA tracking techniques for monitoring processive DNA synthesis.
    • To observe the motion of a single DNA polymerase without enzyme or template modification.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a DNA template labeled with periodic fluorescent dyes.
    • Monitored strand displacement to track the movement of a single ϕ29 DNA polymerase.
    • Employed single-molecule imaging without external force application.

    Main Results:

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

    Visualizing Protein-DNA Interactions in Live Bacterial Cells Using Photoactivated Single-molecule Tracking
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    Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
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    • Successfully tracked the motion of individual DNA polymerases during synthesis.
    • Observed a broad spectrum of polymerase speeds, with some exceeding previously reported in vitro rates.
    • Demonstrated the ability to repeatedly observe the same polymerase on identical DNA segments.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique allows for label-free, force-free tracking of single DNA polymerases.
    • This method provides a powerful tool for investigating sequence-dependent effects on DNA replication and transcription.
    • Future applications include detailed studies of DNA polymerase interactions within the replisome.