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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Clinical Intervention Research

Background:

  • Effective, easily disseminable smoking cessation interventions are needed.
  • Previous research indicated an 18-month intensive mailing intervention improved abstinence rates.
  • Long-term maintenance of this effect requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the long-term maintenance of smoking cessation intervention effects up to 30 months postbaseline.
  • To examine the dose-response relationship between intervention intensity and sustained abstinence.
  • To confirm the efficacy of extended self-help interventions for smoking cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with three arms: Traditional Self-Help (TSH), Standard Repeated Mailings (SRM), and Intensive Repeated Mailings (IRM).
  • Participants received varying intensities and durations of mailed self-help materials over 12-18 months.
  • Follow-up assessments conducted every 6 months through 30 months postbaseline.

Main Results:

  • A linear dose-response effect was observed at 1 year posttreatment, with IRM (33%) showing higher abstinence than SRM (29%) and TSH (23%).
  • The Intensive Repeated Mailings (IRM) intervention was significantly superior to Traditional Self-Help (TSH).
  • The robust intervention effect of the intensive self-help approach was maintained 12 months after treatment completion.

Conclusions:

  • Extended self-help interventions, particularly intensive repeated mailings, demonstrate sustained efficacy for smoking cessation.
  • The findings support the use of extended self-help as a cost-effective public health strategy.
  • Long-term maintenance of abstinence is achievable with tailored, intensive self-help approaches.