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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Plant Cells and Tissues02:01

Plant Cells and Tissues

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Plant tissues are collections of similar cells performing related functions. Different plant tissues will have their own specialized roles and can be combined with other tissues to form organs such as flowers, fruit, stem, and leaves. Two major types of plant tissue include meristematic and permanent tissue.
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Plant Tissue Culture02:57

Plant Tissue Culture

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Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
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Human iPS Cell-Derived Patient Tissues and 3D Cell Culture Part 1: Target Identification and Lead Optimization.

Richard M Eglen1, Terry Reisine2

  • 11 Corning Life Sciences, Tewksbury, MA, USA.

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|October 5, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) and 3D culture systems offer predictive preclinical drug discovery models. These advanced models enhance disease modeling, target identification, and lead optimization for novel therapeutics.

Keywords:
drug discoveryhigh-throughput screeninglead optimizationthree-dimensional cell culture

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) are revolutionizing drug discovery.
  • Patient-derived HiPSCs offer more clinically relevant disease models than traditional methods.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems enable recapitulation of human tissue architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of HiPSCs in preclinical drug discovery phases.
  • To explore the application of HiPSCs in disease modeling, target identification, and lead optimization.
  • To discuss the role of HiPSCs in evaluating compound metabolic liability and off-target toxicities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing patient-derived HiPSCs to create disease-specific cellular models.
  • Culturing HiPSCs in 3D systems to mimic in vivo tissue microenvironments.
  • Employing HiPSC-derived models for preclinical drug screening and profiling.

Main Results:

  • HiPSCs exhibit disease phenotypes closely resembling human pathology.
  • 3D culture of HiPSCs enhances the reflection of in vivo physiology and pathophysiology.
  • HiPSC models provide insights into pharmacological responsiveness and compound safety.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of HiPSCs and 3D cell culture presents a powerful approach for preclinical drug development.
  • These advanced models improve the prediction of drug efficacy and toxicity.
  • HiPSCs and 3D systems hold significant potential for the creation of novel medicines.