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Related Concept Videos

Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Creating Two-Dimensional Patterned Substrates for Protein and Cell Confinement
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A universal method to create surface patterns with extreme wettability on metal substrates.

Jing Sun1, Chuanzhen Chen1, Jinlong Song2

  • 1Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|October 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a versatile method for creating extreme wettability patterns on diverse metal surfaces. This technique enhances fog harvesting efficiency, demonstrating practical applications for patterned metal surfaces.

Keywords:
Extreme wettabilityFog harvestUniversal methodVarious metal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Extreme wettability surfaces are crucial for various applications.
  • A universal method for creating these patterns on diverse metals is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a universal mask-assisted dual-chemical-processing approach for extreme wettability patterns.
  • To demonstrate the method's versatility across different metal substrates.
  • To evaluate the application of these patterns in fog harvesting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mask-assisted dual-chemical-processing technique.
  • Applied the method to aluminum, titanium, steel, zinc, and magnesium alloy substrates.
  • Fabricated superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterns without special modifications.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created extreme wettability patterns on five different metal types.
  • Demonstrated the method's versatility and broad applicability.
  • Observed significant variations in fog collection efficiency based on metal surface patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a universal approach for fabricating extreme wettability patterns on various metals.
  • The patterned surfaces show potential for enhanced fog harvesting applications.
  • Further research can explore optimizing patterns for specific collection efficiencies.