Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
Surgical Management of Spasticity of the Forearm and Wrist
Stephen P Duquette1, Joshua M Adkinson1
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 232, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Abstract:
Upper extremity spasticity may result from a variety of types of brain injury, including cerebral palsy, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. These conditions lead to a predictable pattern of forearm and wrist deformities caused by opposing spasticity and flaccid paralysis. Upper extremity spasticity affects all ages and sociodemographics and is a complex clinical problem with a variety of treatment options depending on the patient, the underlying disease process, and postoperative expectations. This article discusses the cause, diagnosis, operative planning, operative techniques, postoperative outcomes, and rehabilitation protocols for the spastic wrist and forearm.
Related Concept Videos
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
Muscles that Move the Forearm
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
Tonsillitis II: Management

