Variations in Hook of Hamate Morphology: A Cadaveric Analysis

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Anthropology
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• The hook of the hamate is a critical anatomical landmark in the wrist, separating the carpal tunnel from Guyon's canal.
• It serves as a reference point for surgeons and is susceptible to fracture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate variations in the anatomy of the hook of the hamate within the general population.
• To determine if sex and race influence these anatomical variations.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 2,000 hamate bones from the Hamann-Todd Collection.
• Measurement of hook height and total hamate height using digital calipers.
• Calculation of the hook height ratio and statistical analysis by sex and race.

Main Results:

• Mean hook height was 9.8 ± 1.4 mm, with a mean hook height ratio of 0.42 ± 0.04.
• A 3.1% incidence of hypoplastic or aplastic (abnormally small) hooks was observed.
• Variations were most frequent in white females (9.3%) and least frequent in black males (1.4%).

Conclusions:

• Anatomical abnormalities of the hook of the hamate are prevalent in the general population.
• White females exhibit a higher incidence of these variations.
• Awareness of these variations can aid surgeons in palpation, imaging interpretation, and surgical landmark identification.