Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Bacterial Signaling

Bacterial Signaling

Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...

Yeast Signaling

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

SET1B Drives Sustained HIF activity and Disease Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Cancer research·2026

Same author

Imaging vascular characteristics and glycolytic metabolism of glioblastoma in a chick embryo model using <sup>1</sup>H MRI and [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET.

Molecular imaging and biology·2026

Same author

Structural basis for LZTR1 recognition of RAS GTPases for degradation.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Methodology for generating chorioallantoic membrane patient-derived xenograft (CAM-PDX) models of pleural mesothelioma and performing preclinical imaging for the translation of cancer studies and drug screening.

F1000Research·2025

Same author

OTUD6B regulates KIFC1-dependent centrosome clustering and breast cancer cell survival.

EMBO reports·2025

Same author

A trafficking regulatory subnetwork governs α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>6</sub> integrin-HER2 cross-talk to control breast cancer invasion and drug resistance.

Science advances·2024

Same journal

TDP-43 proteinopathy as a biomarker and therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Biochemical Society transactions·2026

Same journal

Advancing the monitoring of organelle contact sites in vitro and in vivo.

Biochemical Society transactions·2026

Same journal

Mechanisms influencing transient cytoplasmic protein targeting to intracellular lipid droplets.

Biochemical Society transactions·2026

Same journal

Replication associated nuclear DNA mismatch repair across kingdoms.

Biochemical Society transactions·2026

Same journal

Phosphatases of regenerating liver downregulate PTEN to promote tumorigenesis.

Biochemical Society transactions·2026

Same journal

Implications of Rho GTPase signaling in cancer immunotherapy.

Biochemical Society transactions·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

RAS variant signalling.

Stephanie P Mo¹, Judy M Coulson¹, Ian A Prior²

¹Division of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.

Biochemical Society Transactions

|October 6, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RAS proteins, crucial for cell signaling, are often mutated in cancer and RASopathies. Recent findings reveal how different RAS mutations impact normal and disease biology.

Keywords:

RAS cancer codon isoforms mutation signalling

More Related Videos

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: October 5, 2020

Detection of Rare Genomic Variants from Pooled Sequencing Using SPLINTER

Detection of Rare Genomic Variants from Pooled Sequencing Using SPLINTER

Published on: June 23, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans

Identification of EGFR and RAS Inhibitors using Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: October 5, 2020

Detection of Rare Genomic Variants from Pooled Sequencing Using SPLINTER

Detection of Rare Genomic Variants from Pooled Sequencing Using SPLINTER

Published on: June 23, 2012

Area of Science:

Molecular biology
Genetics
Cellular biology

Background:

RAS proteins are small GTPases regulating critical cellular signaling networks.
Mutations in RAS genes are prevalent in various cancers and developmental disorders known as RASopathies.
Understanding RAS signaling is vital for comprehending normal cell function and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on RAS biology.
To explore how different RAS isoforms and mutations contribute to normal cellular functions.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying RAS-mediated diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent research on RAS proteins.
Analysis of studies investigating RAS isoform-specific functions.
Examination of research on the impact of various RAS mutations.

Main Results:

RAS isoforms exhibit distinct roles in cellular signaling.
Specific activating mutations in RAS proteins lead to differential effects on cell proliferation and survival.
Emerging mechanisms highlight how altered RAS signaling drives disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

RAS protein function is isoform- and mutation-specific.
Differential RAS signaling underlies both normal development and diseases like cancer and RASopathies.
Further research into these mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies.