Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

2.0K
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
2.0K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

3.2K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
3.2K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

10.1K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
10.1K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

33.7K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
33.7K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

11.2K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
11.2K
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

35.6K
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
35.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rigid and electrode-compatible multicomponent organic crystals for piezoelectric energy harvesting.

Journal of materials chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Associations of Paternal Seminal Plasma Metals with their Spouses' Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (URSA) Risk and the Potential Mediating Role of Oxidative Stress.

Biological trace element research·2025
Same author

Technical Considerations of Pharmacokinetic Assays for LNP-mRNA Drug Products by RT-qPCR.

The AAPS journal·2025
Same author

A machine learning approach towards endometriosis screening using infrared spectra of urine.

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)·2025
Same author

Multicellular hepatic in vitro models using NANOSTACKS<sup>TM</sup>: human-relevant models for drug response prediction.

In vitro models·2025
Same author

One-Drop Serum Screening Test to Monitor Tissue Iron Accumulation.

Analytical chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

14.3K

Carcinogens and DNA damage.

Jessica L Barnes1, Maria Zubair1, Kaarthik John2

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|October 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carcinogens in the environment and diet cause DNA damage, a key step in cancer development. This review examines DNA damage from various carcinogens and their links to cancer risk.

Keywords:
DNA damagebioactivationcancercarcinogens

More Related Videos

Evaluating In Vitro DNA Damage Using Comet Assay
10:43

Evaluating In Vitro DNA Damage Using Comet Assay

Published on: October 11, 2017

39.6K
Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts
10:55

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: November 5, 2012

17.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

14.3K
Evaluating In Vitro DNA Damage Using Comet Assay
10:43

Evaluating In Vitro DNA Damage Using Comet Assay

Published on: October 11, 2017

39.6K
Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts
10:55

Study of the DNA Damage Checkpoint using Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: November 5, 2012

17.1K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Molecular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Humans face continuous exposure to DNA-damaging agents, including environmental and lifestyle-related carcinogens.
  • DNA damage, originating from both exogenous and endogenous sources, is a critical factor in cancer etiology.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest environmental and lifestyle factors significantly influence cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the various forms of DNA damage induced by common carcinogens.
  • To explore the molecular epidemiological evidence linking specific carcinogens to cancer types.
  • To highlight the pivotal role of DNA damage in cancer pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on DNA damage mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular epidemiological data on carcinogen exposure and cancer.
  • Synthesis of information on carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and ionizing radiation.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to carcinogens results in diverse DNA lesions like strand breaks and adducts.
  • Specific carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ultraviolet light, and ionizing radiation are linked to various cancers.
  • Endogenous DNA damage is prevalent, but exogenous agents also contribute significantly to cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • DNA damage is a central mechanism in cancer development, influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors.
  • Understanding carcinogen-induced DNA damage is crucial for cancer prevention and risk assessment.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex role of carcinogens in cancer pathophysiology.