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The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
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Shear wave elastography prior to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may predict the decrease in hepatic

Dina Attia1,2, Thomas Rodt3, Steffen Marquardt3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. dinaattia14@yahoo.com.

Abdominal Radiology (New York)
|October 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) effectively predicts decreases in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures. SSM demonstrates superior accuracy compared to liver stiffness and Child-Pugh scores for monitoring portal hypertension.

Keywords:
ARFIAcoustic radiation force impulse imaging elastographyLiver stiffnessSpleen stiffnessTIPSTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Portal hypertension complications necessitate interventions like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
  • Accurate non-invasive methods are crucial for assessing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes post-TIPS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate liver and spleen stiffness measurement (LSM and SSM) using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI).
  • To compare LSM and SSM with Child-Pugh scores in predicting hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) reduction after TIPS.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 31 patients with portal hypertension indicated for TIPS.
  • LSM and SSM were measured before and at 2 days and 6 weeks post-TIPS.
  • HVPG was measured during the TIPS procedure.

Main Results:

  • Mean HVPG decreased by 63% post-TIPS.
  • LSM and SSM significantly decreased post-TIPS (p<0.001).
  • SSM showed significant correlation with HVPG at all time points and superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.90) for predicting HVPG decrease to ≤10 mmHg compared to LSM (AUC 0.88) and Child-Pugh score (AUC 0.84).

Conclusions:

  • Spleen stiffness measurement is a superior non-invasive tool for evaluating patients with clinically significant portal hypertension prior to TIPS.
  • SSM aids in predicting treatment response and guiding clinical management in portal hypertension.