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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Internalising symptoms and verbal working memory in school-age children: A processing efficiency analysis.

Alexandra M Opris1, Lavinia Cheie1, Cristina M Trifan1

  • 1Developmental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

International Journal of Psychology : Journal International De Psychologie
|October 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Internalizing symptoms like anxiety and depression impact children's memory. State anxiety reduced accuracy and efficiency, while trait anxiety and depression also impaired verbal short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) performance.

Keywords:
ChildrenShort-term memoryState/trait anxietyTrait depressionWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Internalizing symptoms, including state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression, are prevalent in school-aged children.
  • These symptoms may affect cognitive functions, particularly verbal short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM).
  • Understanding the specific impact of different internalizing symptoms on memory performance is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential contributions of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms to the accuracy and efficiency of verbal STM and WM in school-aged children.
  • To examine how these internalizing symptoms influence specific components of memory performance, including response times.
  • To highlight the distinct roles of various internalizing symptoms in children's memory functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed verbal short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) using simple and complex span tasks in 125 school-aged children (mean age 11.44 years).
  • Analyzed both accuracy (span accuracy) and efficiency (microanalysis of response times, including preparatory intervals and interword pauses).
  • Correlated levels of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms with STM/WM performance measures.

Main Results:

  • High state anxiety was linked to reduced simple span accuracy and poorer efficiency in both simple and complex span tasks.
  • Trait anxiety negatively predicted complex span accuracy and efficiency across simple and complex tasks.
  • Depressive symptoms were associated with longer interword pauses in simple span tasks, indicating reduced efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • All internalizing symptoms negatively impacted children's memory search efficiency, particularly during executive intervals.
  • Anxiety symptoms (state and trait) were specifically associated with impaired span accuracy and other efficiency indicators.
  • Accurate assessment of both memory accuracy and efficiency is essential to understand the impact of internalizing symptoms on children's cognitive performance.