Neuropathy and inflammation in diabetic bone marrow
Jiyin Zhou1, Zuo Zhang1, Guisheng Qian2
1National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
|October 6, 2018
Summary
Diabetes harms bone marrow (BM) stem cell function and regeneration. Therapies targeting BM stem cells show promise for treating diabetic neuropathy by improving neurotrophic and angiogenic effects.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Diabetology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus significantly impairs bone marrow (BM) architecture and function, affecting stem cell mobilization and regenerative capacity.
- Diabetic neuropathy is linked to reduced sympathetic nerve endings in the BM, disrupting circadian regulation of immature cell migration via beta-adrenergic receptors.
- Existing research highlights the role of BM stem cells in ameliorating diabetic neuropathy through secreted factors and immune modulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of bone marrow (BM) stem cells in the context of diabetic neuropathy.
- To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting BM stem cells for improving diabetic neuropathy and its associated BM dysfunction.
- To identify key mechanisms by which BM stem cells exert therapeutic effects in diabetic neuropathy.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on diabetes, bone marrow function, diabetic neuropathy, and stem cell therapy.
- Analysis of the molecular and cellular interactions between BM stem cells and the diabetic microenvironment.
- Examination of the role of neurotrophic factors, growth factors, adipokines, and macrophage polarization in therapeutic outcomes.
Main Results:
- Diabetes-induced BM dysfunction is characterized by impaired stem cell function and reduced regenerative potential.
- Mesenchymal stem cells, BM mononuclear cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and stromal cells can ameliorate diabetic neuropathy-associated dysfunction.
- Therapeutic effects are mediated by secreted factors (neurotrophic, growth factors, adipokines) and modulation of macrophage M2 polarization and inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Bone marrow stem cell dysfunction is a critical component of diabetic neuropathy.
- Targeting BM stem cells offers a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic neuropathy, addressing both angiogenic and neurotrophic deficits.
- Modulating inflammation via BM stem cells presents a potential therapeutic avenue for improving diabetic neuropathy.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
1.2K
Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
1.2K
01:38Inflammation
62.1K
Overview
62.1K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
3.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.6K
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
1.1K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.1K
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
505
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
505
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K