Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
04:52
Author Spotlight: Marmoset Research - Scope and Challenges
Published on: June 9, 2023
2.7K
Fluoride Intake of Infants from Formula
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
|October 6, 2018
Summary
Infant formula reconstituted with optimally fluoridated water may increase the risk of dental fluorosis. Careful consideration of water fluoride levels is crucial for young children to prevent excessive fluoride intake.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Environmental Health
- Dental Public Health
Background:
- Infant formula is a primary source of nutrition for many infants.
- Water fluoride levels vary geographically, impacting reconstituted formula.
- Dental fluorosis is a concern related to excessive fluoride intake during tooth development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate fluoride intake in infants consuming formula reconstituted with different water sources.
- To assess the potential risk of dental fluorosis based on fluoride intake levels.
Main Methods:
- Collected data on infant demographics, formula, and water consumption.
- Analyzed fluoride concentrations in reconstituted formula and water.
- Estimated infant fluoride intake and compared it to the recommended upper limit (UL).
Main Results:
- Infants consumed formula with minimally fluoridated water (0.0-0.3 ppm).
- 4.4% of infants exceeded the UL of 0.1mg/kg/day.
- Using optimally fluoridated water (0.7 ppm) predicted 36.8% of infants exceeding the UL.
Conclusions:
- Optimally fluoridated water may elevate fluorosis risk in infants under six months.
- Further research with multi-site, multi-year follow-up is needed to confirm fluorosis incidence.
Related Concept Videos
03:34Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature
87.5K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.5K
02:52Chemical Formulas
61.3K
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
61.3K
03:10Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature
55.8K
Molecular compounds or covalent compounds result when atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds. Since there is no electron transfer, molecular compounds do not contain ions; instead, they consist of discrete, neutral molecules.
55.8K
02:37Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula
47.3K
The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
47.3K
02:56Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds
81.5K
Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds
81.5K
01:25Regulation of Water Intake
2.8K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
2.8K