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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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The m6A‑methylase complex and mRNA export.

Simon Lesbirel1, Stuart A Wilson1

  • 1Sheffield Institute For Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
|October 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are linked to RNA processing and nuclear export. This review explores the connection between m6A, RNA processing, and export mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) undergoes crucial modifications including capping, splicing, and polyadenylation during synthesis.
  • These modifications are coordinated with the deposition of the TREX complex and recruitment of the NXF1-P15 heterodimer, facilitating mature mRNA nuclear export.
  • Internal mRNA modifications, notably N6-methyladenosine (m6A), are prevalent and play significant roles in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence linking the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification to RNA processing.
  • To discuss the interplay between m6A modification, RNA processing events, and mRNA nuclear export.
  • To highlight the functional significance of m6A in the context of mRNA maturation and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on mRNA modification, processing, and export.
  • Analysis of experimental data demonstrating the functional links between m6A and RNA processing machinery.
  • Integration of findings on the TREX complex, NXF1-P15 heterodimer, and m6A pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a strong coupling between m6A modification and key RNA processing steps.
  • The m6A modification influences the efficiency and regulation of mRNA splicing and polyadenylation.
  • m6A modification impacts the recruitment of export factors, thereby modulating mRNA nuclear export.

Conclusions:

  • The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is intricately linked with mRNA processing and nuclear export.
  • Understanding the interplay between m6A, RNA processing, and export is crucial for deciphering gene expression regulation.
  • Further research into these coupled mechanisms will provide deeper insights into cellular mRNA metabolism.