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Related Concept Videos

Respiration01:24

Respiration

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Overview of the Respiratory System and Energy Production
Energy production in the human body is primarily fueled by oxidation, a process where food molecules are burned by combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This vital metabolic process sustains life, and is supported intricately by the respiratory system.
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is a complex network of structures that includes the nose, oropharynx, larynx, trachea,...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Alterations in Respiration II01:30

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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
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Respiration Pathways01:26

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Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
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Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

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The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Methionine supplementation stimulates mitochondrial respiration.

Farida Tripodi1, Andrea Castoldi2, Raffaele Nicastro2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research
|October 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Methionine supplementation boosts mitochondrial functions like the TCA cycle and respiration in yeast. This effect is pronounced in cells lacking Snf1/AMPK, highlighting pyruvate

Keywords:
MPC (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier)MetabolomicsS-adenosyl-methionineSaccharomyces cerevisiaeShotgun proteomicsSnf1/AMPK

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Eukaryotic Systems

Background:

  • Mitochondria are crucial for eukaryotic energy production (ATP), redox balance, metabolite conversion, and signal transduction.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various human diseases, underscoring the importance of understanding their regulation.
  • Methionine plays a role in regulating key cellular processes, but its impact on mitochondrial metabolism requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on yeast cellular metabolism using a multi-omics approach.
  • To elucidate the role of methionine in regulating mitochondrial functions, including the TCA cycle, electron transport chain, and respiration.
  • To examine how the absence of Snf1/AMPK (energy homeostasis regulator) influences the metabolic response to methionine.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-omics approach to analyze cellular metabolism.
  • Comparative analysis of wild-type yeast and yeast lacking Snf1/AMPK (snf1Δ).
  • Assessment of protein expression related to mitochondrial pathways and metabolite transport.

Main Results:

  • Methionine supplementation up-regulates proteins involved in the TCA cycle, electron transport chain, and respiration.
  • Enhanced mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and TCA cycle activity observed with methionine supplementation.
  • The metabolic signature is more pronounced in snf1Δ cells, which show a strong dependence on mitochondrial respiration and pyruvate flux.

Conclusions:

  • Methionine supplementation positively impacts mitochondrial metabolic functions in yeast.
  • The Snf1/AMPK pathway is critical in mediating the cellular response to methionine regarding energy metabolism.
  • Respiration in snf1Δ mutants under methionine conditions heavily relies on pyruvate transport into mitochondria.