Multiple superficial mucoceles concomitant with oral lichen planus: a case series

Superficial mucoceles are a relatively rare variant of common mucoceles and have an unclear etiology. Clinically, they are small, translucent, subepithelial vesicles affecting the oral mucosa in the retromolar region, the lower labial and buccal regions, and the bilateral soft palate. Superficial mucocele is easily misdiagnosed as pemphigoid, bullous lichen planus, herpes lesion, or venous lake when it is concomitant with oral lichen planus (OLP) or lichenoid disorders on the basis of the initial impression. An inflammatory mechanism related to OLP has been hypothesized to induce the development of superficial mucoceles. It is essential to be familiar with this entity. This report presents 9 cases of multiple superficial mucoceles that occurred sequentially concomitant with OLP and with consistent clinical and histopathologic features. Relevant studies reported in the literature are also reviewed to provide additional clarification of the etiology, clinicopathologic characteristics, and differential diagnosis.