Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
06:11
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
Published on: October 5, 2009
13.3K
The projected timeframe until cervical cancer elimination in Australia: a modelling study
Michaela T Hall1, Kate T Simms2, Jie-Bin Lew2
1Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
The Lancet. Public Health
|October 7, 2018
Summary
Australia could eliminate cervical cancer within 20 years with sustained high-coverage human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening programs. Continued efforts are crucial for maintaining low incidence and mortality rates.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Australia implemented a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in 2007, achieving high coverage in both sexes.
- In 2017, cervical screening transitioned to primary HPV testing every 5 years for women aged 25-69 and exit testing for ages 70-74.
- The study aims to determine when Australia can reach potential cervical cancer elimination thresholds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model the age-standardised incidence of cervical cancer in Australia from 2015 to 2100.
- To estimate the earliest years for reaching rare cancer thresholds (6/100,000) and lower thresholds (4/100,000).
- To assess the impact of HPV vaccination and screening program changes on future incidence.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Policy1-Cervix dynamic model, incorporating HPV vaccination, natural history, and screening.
- Included age-specific HPV vaccination coverage for girls and boys, and the switch to the nonavalent vaccine.
- Modeled the transition to primary HPV screening and two future screening scenarios for vaccinated cohorts.
Main Results:
- Cervical cancer incidence is projected to fall below 6/100,000 by 2020 (2018-22) and below 4/100,000 by 2028 (2021-35).
- Continued 5-year HPV screening for nonavalent vaccine cohorts could lead to <1 case/100,000 by 2066.
- Cervical cancer mortality may decrease to <1 death/100,000 by 2034 (2025-47).
Conclusions:
- Cervical cancer elimination as a public health problem is achievable within 20 years if high-coverage vaccination and screening are maintained.
- Sustained screening and vaccination efforts are necessary to maintain very low incidence and mortality rates.
- Australia is positioned to be among the first countries to reach these elimination benchmarks.
Related Concept Videos
02:43Mouse Models of Cancer Study
6.6K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
6.6K
02:18Fischer Projections
16.6K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
16.6K
02:06Newman Projections
21.0K
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
21.0K
01:29Coordinates and Map Projections
614
Coordinates and map projections are essential tools in accurately representing the Earth's surface for various applications, ranging from navigation to spatial analysis. The latitude and longitude coordinate system is a universally recognized framework for defining locations. Latitude specifies the distance of a point north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude indicates a location's position east or west of the prime meridian,...
614
01:05Elimination Kinetics: First-Order and Zero-Order
2.9K
Eliminating drugs from the body is a vital process that occurs through excretion or metabolism. Understanding the kinetics of drug elimination is crucial for drug development, dosage determination, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Drug clearance depends on the rate of drug elimination and its plasma concentration. Another important parameter is a drug's half-life, which is the time required for its concentration to decrease by half. In most cases, drug clearance follows first-order...
Drug clearance depends on the rate of drug elimination and its plasma concentration. Another important parameter is a drug's half-life, which is the time required for its concentration to decrease by half. In most cases, drug clearance follows first-order...
2.9K
02:25Elimination Reactions
17.0K
A nucleophile can react with an alkyl halide to give the substitution product by displacing the halogen. Or it can function as a base to give the elimination product by deprotonation of the neighboring carbon to form an alkene. In an elimination reaction, the substrate loses two groups from adjacent carbons forming at least one π bond. The carbon attached to the halogen is called the α carbon, while the adjacent carbon is called the β carbon; hence, these reactions are called...
17.0K