Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

One-Degree-of-Freedom System01:24

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

849
In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...
849
Degrees of Freedom01:02

Degrees of Freedom

7.2K
The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. Thus, the minimum number of independent numbers can specify a particular statistic. The degrees of freedom differ greatly depending on known and uncalculated statistical components.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily assigned.
7.2K
Degrees of Freedom01:02

Degrees of Freedom

10.3K
The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. As a result, the minimum number of independent numbers can specify a particular statistic. The degrees of freedom differ greatly depending on known and uncalculated statistical components.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily...
10.3K
Degree of Unsaturation02:05

Degree of Unsaturation

10.6K
The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
The degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons is U = (2C + 2 − H) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms and H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
10.6K
Radian and Degree Measure01:29

Radian and Degree Measure

688
Angular motion is measured using two primary units: degrees and radians. These units describe the extent of rotation around a fixed point. A complete rotation corresponds to 360 degrees or 2π radians, depending on the unit used. Although both represent the same angular displacement, they differ in origin and application.Degrees divide a circle into 360 equal segments. Due to its intuitive structure, this unit is historically rooted and widely used in general applications such as...
688
Degree of Curvature and Radius of Curvature01:19

Degree of Curvature and Radius of Curvature

483
The degree of curvature and the radius of curvature are fundamental concepts in determining the sharpness or smoothness of a curve. The degree of curvature is a measure of how steeply a curve bends and can be determined using the chord basis or the arc basis. In the chord basis method, the degree of curvature is defined as the central angle subtended by a chord of 30.48 meters, helping in the calculation of the radius of the curve. The arc basis method defines the degree of...
483

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel tissue mechanics-guided cellular flows drive the formation of feather follicles.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Assessing the influence of two deep-learning assistance modes on pathologists in cancer identification.

Diagnostic pathology·2026
Same author

Correlated terahertz phonon-ion interactions control ion conduction in a solid electrolyte.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Novel Tissue Mechanics-Guided Cellular Flows Enable the Evolution of Feather Follicles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Spontaneous upregulation of stemness and 3D spheroid formation of single cancer cells induced by scaffold-free polypeptide polyelectrolyte multilayer coating.

Biomaterials·2025
Same author

Scalable Biofabrication of Functional 3D Scaffolds via Synergy of Autopilot Single-Jet Electrospun 3D PCL Fiber Scaffolds and Cell-Laden Hydrogels.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles
08:50

Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles

Published on: October 10, 2013

12.1K

Fiber-bundle illumination: realizing high-degree time-multiplexed multifocal multiphoton microscopy with simplicity.

Jiun-Yann Yu1,2, Sunduck Kim3, Young Bo Shim3

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.

Scientific Reports
|October 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method for multifocal multiphoton microscopy using optical fiber bundles. This technique achieves unprecedented time multiplexing for faster, scanningless 3D biological imaging.

More Related Videos

Multifocal Electroretinograms
16:49

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

18.9K
Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers
10:07

Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers

Published on: April 9, 2014

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles
08:50

Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles

Published on: October 10, 2013

12.1K
Multifocal Electroretinograms
16:49

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

18.9K
Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers
10:07

Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers

Published on: April 9, 2014

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Microscopy
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • High-degree time-multiplexed multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MPM) promised scanningless optical sectioning and rapid 3D imaging of biological systems.
  • Existing time multiplexing methods face manufacturing challenges due to diffraction in free-space light propagation, hindering experimental realization.
  • The need for advanced microscopy techniques to study dynamic biological processes is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the physical limitations hindering high-degree time multiplexing in MPM.
  • To develop a novel, manufacturable approach for achieving enhanced time multiplexing in MPM.
  • To enable faster and more efficient scanningless optical sectioning for 3D biological imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new method employing optical fiber bundles of varying lengths.
  • Utilized fiber bundles to confine light wave diffraction and induce a time multiplexing effect.
  • Experimentally implemented and validated the novel time multiplexing approach in MPM.

Main Results:

  • Achieved the highest degree of time multiplexing demonstrated to date in multifocal multiphoton microscopy.
  • Demonstrated a time multiplexing factor approximately 50 times greater than conventional methods.
  • Showcased the feasibility of using simply-manufactured devices for advanced microscopy.

Conclusions:

  • The novel optical fiber bundle method effectively overcomes diffraction limitations in MPM.
  • This approach enables significantly higher degrees of time multiplexing for improved imaging speed.
  • The developed technique holds great potential for practical, scanningless optical sectioning of dynamic biological samples.