Ischemic heart disease in Latin American women current perspective and call to action

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality in Latin America (LA).
• Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of CVD mortality in most LA countries.
• Women face a higher risk of premature death from CVDs, yet public awareness and research focus disproportionately on other conditions like breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the epidemiological landscape of IHD in women within Latin America.
• To propose a comprehensive strategy to combat CVDs in LA women, emphasizing risk factor control and resource optimization.
• To highlight the importance of tailored medical and interventional treatments for women, considering their unique physiological and disease presentation differences.

Main Methods:

• Epidemiological data analysis of IHD in LA women.
• Review of current public health campaigns and awareness levels regarding CVDs in women.
• Assessment of existing medical and interventional treatment disparities for female patients.
• Formulation of a strategic approach integrating prevention, resource management, and research.

Main Results:

• IHD is a significant cause of premature death among women in Latin America.
• There is a notable public misconception regarding the impact of CVDs on women compared to other diseases.
• Women often present with atypical symptoms and non-obstructive coronary artery disease, leading to potential treatment inequities.

Conclusions:

• A coordinated, multi-sectoral approach involving healthcare professionals, governments, scientific societies, and international organizations is essential to address CVDs in LA women.
• Optimizing the use of financial and technological resources is critical in low- and middle-income countries.
• Effective clinical management requires a combination of prevention strategies, adherence to guidelines, and individualized clinical judgment, acknowledging sex-specific differences in CVD presentation and treatment.