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Effects of pseudoephedrine on parameters affecting exercise performance: a meta-analysis
Maria D Gheorghiev1,2, Farzad Hosseini1, Jason Moran3,4
1Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Sports Medicine - Open
|October 7, 2018
Summary
Pseudoephedrine (PSE) offers marginal performance benefits in sports, with small effects on heart rate and time trial performance. These effects are more pronounced in well-trained athletes and with higher doses.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is a sympathomimetic drug found in nasal decongestants.
- The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibits PSE in sports due to its claimed performance-enhancing stimulant properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To meta-analyze the effects of PSE on key sport performance metrics.
- To evaluate the impact of PSE on heart rate, time trial performance, perceived exertion, blood glucose, and blood lactate.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
- Calculation of standardized mean difference effect sizes (ES) for various performance parameters.
- Inclusion of healthy male and female participants.
Main Results:
- Overall, PSE demonstrated trivial effects on most parameters, except for a small increase in heart rate (ES = 0.43).
- Subgroup analyses indicated larger effects on heart rate and time trial performance in well-trained, younger athletes, for shorter exercise durations, and when PSE was taken within 90 minutes of performance.
- Evidence of a dose-response relationship was observed for time trial and heart rate.
Conclusions:
- The performance enhancement from pseudoephedrine is marginal.
- PSE's benefits are likely less significant than those from permitted stimulants like caffeine.
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