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Amygdala subnuclei and healthy cognitive aging.

Arash Aghamohammadi-Sereshki1, Stanislau Hrybouski1, Scott Travis1

  • 1Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Human Brain Mapping
|October 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Aging impacts amygdala subnuclei volumes, particularly in males, with significant nonlinear decreases observed in lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei. Genetic factors like APOE and BDNF polymorphisms did not show significant effects on amygdala structure.

Keywords:
agingamygdala subnucleiapolipoprotein E (APOE)brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The amygdala, crucial for fear, reward, and stress processing, comprises distinct subnuclei.
  • Understanding age-related structural changes in the amygdala and their genetic underpinnings is vital for cognitive health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between chronological age and the volumes of amygdala subnuclei in healthy adults.
  • To examine the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms on amygdala structure.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to acquire brain scans from 126 healthy participants aged 18-85.
  • Manual segmentation delineated five amygdala subnuclei: lateral, basal, accessory basal, cortical, and centromedial groups.
  • APOE and BDNF genotypes were determined using single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant nonlinear age-related volume reductions were found in the total amygdala and its lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei, predominantly in males.
  • The cortical amygdala showed a trend toward age-related volume decrease, while the centromedial amygdala was unaffected.
  • No significant effects of APOE or BDNF polymorphisms on amygdala subnuclei volumes were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Amygdala subnuclei exhibit differential age-related structural changes, with a notable gender-specific pattern in males.
  • While genetic polymorphisms (APOE, BDNF) did not directly impact amygdala volumes in this cohort, age-related changes were observed in APOE ε3 and ε4 carriers compared to younger individuals.