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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Cultural frameworks for understanding the self are often categorized into two broad orientations: individualism and collectivism. These paradigms influence how people define themselves, relate to others, and interpret their social worlds. Each orientation offers distinct perspectives on autonomy, responsibility, and the role of the individual within a community.Individualistic CulturesIn individualistic cultures like North America and Western Europe, identity is understood as autonomous and...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
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Mutation Signatures Depend on Epigenomic Contexts.

Neil Coleman1, Subhajyoti De1

  • 1Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

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|October 8, 2018
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Summary
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Mutation signatures reveal DNA repair defects and mutagen exposure. Analyzing epigenomic and sequence contexts aids in understanding these genetic patterns in cancer progression.

Keywords:
DNA repairepigenomemutagenesismutation signaturesomatic mutation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Mutation signatures, patterns of genetic changes in somatic genomes, offer insights into DNA repair and mutagen exposure.
  • Understanding the origins of computationally predicted mutation signatures in cancer is an ongoing research area.
  • Chromatin and epigenomic factors influence DNA damage and repair pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of epigenomic and sequence contexts in interpreting mutation signatures.
  • To enhance the understanding of the etiology behind emerging mutation signatures in cancer genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of somatic genome mutations.
  • Integration of epigenomic data with mutation patterns.
  • Sequence context analysis of genetic alterations.

Main Results:

  • Emerging computationally predicted mutation signatures require further etiological investigation.
  • Epigenomic and sequence contexts are crucial for interpreting mutation signatures.
  • Considering these contexts can improve the understanding of DNA repair defects and mutagen exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating epigenomic and sequence data is essential for deciphering mutation signatures.
  • This integrated approach will advance our understanding of cancer development and progression.
  • Future research should focus on the interplay between epigenetics, sequence context, and mutation patterns.