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The neurohypophysis: recent developments.

A G Robinson

    The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
    |March 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neurohypophyseal hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin, are synthesized as prohormones. New research reveals diverse functions beyond the classic endocrine system, including neurotransmission and synthesis in non-neuronal tissues.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Molecular Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Neurohypophyseal hormones (vasopressin and oxytocin) are synthesized as prohormones, including neurophysins and a glycopeptide for vasopressin.
    • These prohormones are packaged into neurosecretory granules for axonal transport to the posterior pituitary.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the synthesis and diverse functional roles of neurohypophyseal hormones.
    • To investigate the non-classic pathways and potential neurotransmitter functions of vasopressin and oxytocin.
    • To examine diurnal rhythms and synthesis in non-neuronal tissues.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of prohormone synthesis and processing.
    • Investigation of axonal transport mechanisms.
    • Exploration of peptide release into cerebrospinal fluid and portal vessels.

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  • Identification of novel peptides with neurohypophyseal hormone similarities.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurohypophyseal hormones are synthesized as prohormones (vasopressin-neurophysin, oxytocin-neurophysin) with an additional glycopeptide for vasopressin.
    • Axons project to the median eminence and other brain/spinal cord areas, suggesting neurotransmitter roles in autonomic functions.
    • Diurnal rhythmic secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin into cerebrospinal fluid observed in various species.
    • Synthesis of neurohypophyseal peptides identified in non-neuronal tissues, with a novel related peptide discovered.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurohypophyseal hormones have broader functions than previously understood, extending to neurotransmission and autonomic regulation.
    • The discovery of non-classic release sites and synthesis in non-neuronal tissues opens new avenues for research.
    • Further investigation into the novel peptide and its relation to oxytocin and vasotocin is warranted.
    • These findings suggest a complex and multifaceted role for neurohypophyseal hormones in physiology.