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Cees J M van Rijn1

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Emanating liquid jets behave like growing towers, shaped by surface tension and gravity. This study models jet dynamics using a Young-Laplace type equation, enabling measurement of time-dependent surface tension.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Surface tension is a key property governing fluid behavior.
  • Understanding dynamic surface tension is crucial for various industrial processes.
  • Existing methods for measuring dynamic surface tension can be complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model emanating liquid jets as growing liquid towers.
  • To develop a new method for measuring time-dependent surface tension.
  • To verify the proposed model using experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling emanating jets using a Young-Laplace type equation.
  • Numerical derivation of an asymptotic solution.
  • Dimensionless analysis using a time-dependent capillary length.
  • Experimental verification with water and coffee jets.

Main Results:

  • Emanating jets can be accurately described as growing liquid towers.
  • A uniform time-dependent acceleration is observed in emanating jets.
  • The dynamic surface tension of liquids can be determined from jet behavior.
  • Experimental results validate the proposed theoretical model.

Conclusions:

  • The emanating jet method provides a reliable way to measure dynamic surface tension.
  • The model successfully links jet shape to fundamental fluid properties.
  • This work offers a novel approach to studying surface tension dynamics.