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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Assessment of Physical Activity Intensity with Accelerometers and Oxygen Consumption
Published on: June 20, 2025
From enjoyment to physical activity or from physical activity to enjoyment? Longitudinal associations in parent-child
Magdalena Kruk1, Karolina Zarychta1, Karolina Horodyska1
1a Wroclaw Department of Psychology , SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Wroclaw , Poland.
Background:
This longitudinal dyadic study used cross-lagged analyses to examine reciprocal patterns of associations between physical activity (PA) enjoyment and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) among children and their parents.
Methods:
At Time 1 (T1) 879 parent-child dyads provided their data. The follow-up (Time 2, T2) took place 7-8-months later. MVPA and PA enjoyment scales were filled out separately by parents and children at T1 and T2.
Findings:
Child PA enjoyment (T1) predicted a higher level of child MVPA (T2), parental PA enjoyment (T1) explained a higher level of parental MVPA (T2), and parental MVPA (T1) predicted a higher level of parental PA enjoyment (T2). Furthermore, child PA enjoyment (T1) predicted a higher level of parental PA enjoyment (T2).
Conclusions:
Child PA enjoyment was the key variable predicting child and parental outcomes. In particular, it explained child MVPA, but also PA enjoyment among parents.
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