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Early versus late stage schizophrenia. What markers make the difference?
L García-Álvarez1,2,3,4, M P García-Portilla1,2,3,4,5, J R Caso2,6,7,8
1a Fundación para la Investigación y la Innovación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (FINBA), Spain.
Objectives:
To identify the psychopathological, cognitive, functional, physical health and inflammatory markers that differentiate between early-stage schizophrenia (ESSCH) and late-stage schizophrenia (LSSCH).
Methods:
Cross-sectional, naturalistic study of 104 patients with SCH. The sample was divided in two groups: 35 ESSCH (≤7 years' duration of illness) and 69 LSSCH (>10 years' duration of illness).
Statistical Analysis:
chi-square test and Student's t-test and ANCOVA (or Quade test) controlling for age, sex, BMI and number of cigarettes/day. Finally, a binomial logistic regression was made.
Results:
ESSCH show greater negative symptom severity (t = 2.465, p = 0.015), lower levels of IκBα (F = 7.644, p = 0.007), were more frequently classified as normal weight (40% vs 18.8%, p = 0.032) compared with LSSCH. The binomial logistic regression model included age (B = 0.127, p = 0.001) and IκBα (B = 0.025, p = 0.002) and accounted for 38.9% of the variance (model df =7, chi-square =41.841, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
Age and IκBα are the unique markers that differentiate between ESSCH patients whose duration of illness is less than 7 years and LSSCH patients. These results support the hypothesis of toxicity of episodes and highlight the importance of preventing new episodes.
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