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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Related Experiment Video

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice.

Eduardo de Souza Nicolau1, Kevin Augusto Farias de Alvarenga1, Helia Tenza-Ferrer1

  • 1Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular (CTMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|October 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new mouse model for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate its long-term effects. The model reveals how tDCS influences gene expression in the brain cortex, aiding therapeutic understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique explored for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • The precise biological mechanisms underlying tDCS effects remain unclear, partly due to challenges in accessing human brain tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a tDCS mouse model with chronically implanted electrodes for studying long-lasting biological effects.
  • To investigate the impact of tDCS on cortical gene expression in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a tDCS mouse model featuring a chronically implanted electrode.
  • Application of tDCS to the mouse cortex.
  • Analysis of changes in cortical gene expression following tDCS.

Main Results:

  • The tDCS mouse model successfully demonstrated measurable and lasting biological effects.
  • Significant alterations in cortical gene expression were observed in response to tDCS treatment.

Conclusions:

  • This tDCS mouse model provides a valuable tool for elucidating the long-term biological consequences of neuromodulation.
  • The findings contribute to understanding the molecular basis for tDCS efficacy in potential therapeutic applications.