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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Published on: January 18, 2018
[THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM AND LIQUOR IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 LEVELS AND CLINICAL, COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL
Introduction:
Inflammation is probably the main process that links cardiovascular risk factors with damage to blood vessels and neurons. Elucidation of mechanisms of this relationship is an important issue.
Materials And Methods:
70 acute stroke patients were studied to assess their neuropsychological (MMSE, MoCA, FAB, Clock Drawing Test, Shulte Tables and Verbal Fluency) and functional status (mRS, Rivermead Mobility Index). The serum and liquor IL-1β, IL-6, TNFa and IL-10 levels were analyzed. Control group included subjects without cerebrovascular diseases.
Results:
Stroke patients had higher IL-10 serum concentration than controls. No difference was found for other cytokines. There was correlation between serum and liquor cytokines levels. We found positive correlation between IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. High IL-1β concentration was associated with vascular risk factors, cardio embolic stroke, enhanced severity of cerebral stroke, low processing speed, impaired executive and visual-spatial functions and higher grade of mRS on discharge. The same pattern was revealed for IL-6 and IL-10. IL-6 level was related to mRS without relation to NIHSS on admission. High TNFa concentration was linked with vascular risk factors, low MMSE score and processing speed.
Discussion:
Despite the antagonistic effects of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 on inflammation, associations of these cytokines with anamnestic, clinical, neuropsychological and functional characteristics were similar in acute ischemic stroke. Probably, this fact indicates that during the acute ischemic brain damage process the immune response develops at the same time in pro- and anti-inflammatory directions. Its magnitude correlates with the damage severity and is associated with the effects of vascular risk factors before stroke.
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