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21-cm Fluctuations from Charged Dark Matter.

Julian B Muñoz1, Cora Dvorkin1, Abraham Loeb2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Charged dark matter interacting with baryons could explain early universe 21-cm signals. This interaction predicts unique 21-cm fluctuations, offering a new way to detect dark matter during the cosmic dawn.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • The cosmic dawn, marked by the formation of the first stars, is a key area for dark matter research.
  • Anomalous 21-cm signal detections suggest possible electromagnetic interactions between dark matter and baryons.
  • This interaction hypothesis predicts significant temperature anisotropies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute 21-cm fluctuations arising from a charged dark matter subcomponent.
  • To investigate the pre- and post-recombination evolution of cosmic fluids under these conditions.
  • To assess the potential for detecting such fluctuations with current and future experiments.

Main Methods:

  • First-ever computation of 21-cm fluctuations from charged dark matter.
  • Inclusion of pre- and post-recombination fluid evolution.
  • Analysis of parameter space consistent with cosmological observations.

Main Results:

  • A percent-level fraction of charged dark matter generates novel 21-cm fluctuations.
  • These fluctuations possess a unique acoustic spectrum and high amplitude.
  • The predicted fluctuations are uncorrelated with standard adiabatic anisotropies.

Conclusions:

  • Charged dark matter provides a compelling explanation for anomalous 21-cm signals.
  • These novel 21-cm fluctuations are detectable with instruments like LOFAR and HERA.
  • This offers a new observational probe for dark matter during the cosmic dawn.