Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
07:19
Clock Scan Protocol for Image Analysis: ImageJ Plugins
Published on: June 19, 2017
18.0K
Cs Fountain Clocks for Commercial Realizations-An Improved and Robust Design
Summary
New cesium fountain primary frequency standards offer improved reliability and transportability. These advanced devices achieve state-of-the-art performance for accurate frequency references and timescales.
Area of Science:
- Metrology
- Atomic Physics
- Frequency Standards
Background:
- Primary frequency standards are crucial for defining time and frequency.
- Existing cesium fountain standards have limitations in reliability and transportability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design, assemble, test, and deliver new cesium fountain primary frequency standards.
- To improve upon existing designs for enhanced reliability, simplicity, and transportability.
Main Methods:
- Development of a novel physics package.
- Integration of a specially developed optical package.
- Implementation of dedicated electronics for system control.
Main Results:
- The new cesium fountains demonstrate state-of-the-art signal-to-noise ratio and robust long-term operation.
- Achieved short-term stability below 3x10^-14 (1 s).
- Potential accuracy in the low 10^-16 range.
Conclusions:
- The simplified and compact design maintains high performance.
- This cost-effective solution enhances the availability of accurate frequency references.
- The standards offer potential for increased redundancy in critical applications.
Related Concept Videos
02:45Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
41.7K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.7K
02:01Group Design
10.5K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.5K
02:01Factorial Design
13.8K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
13.8K
01:25Design Example: Designing a Residential Plumbing System
1.1K
The design of residential plumbing systems requires carefully evaluating water demand, flow rates, and pressure dynamics to ensure both efficiency and reliability. The nature of water flow within pipes is defined by its Reynolds number, which classifies flow as either laminar (smooth) or turbulent.
1.1K
01:18Design Example: Designing Water Slide
629
When designing a water slide, controlling the speed of water flow is crucial for rider safety while maintaining an exciting experience. As water flows down the slide, gravity causes it to accelerate, with its speed at the bottom depending on the height from which it starts. The higher the slide, the more potential energy the water has at the top, which is converted into kinetic energy as it descends, increasing its speed.
Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide....
Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide....
629
01:27Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel
835
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
835