Biological treatment of produced water coupled with recovery of neutral lipids

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream generated by oil and gas industry. It is commonly treated by physical-chemical processes due to high salt content and poor biodegradability of water insoluble compounds, such as n-alkanes. N-alkanes can represent a major fraction of organic contaminants within PW. In this study the possibility of simultaneous n - alkane biodegradation and production of neutral lipids in a concentrated PW stream with A. borkumenis SK2 as the sole reactor inoculum was investigated. N-alkane removal efficiency up to 99.6%, with influent alkane COD of 7.4 g/L, was achieved in a continuously operated reactor system. Gas chromatography results also showed that the majority of other non-polar compounds present in the PW were biodegraded. Biodegradation of n-alkanes was accompanied by simultaneous production of neutral lipids, mostly wax ester (WE)-alike compounds. We demonstrate, that under nutrient limited conditions and 108.9 ± 3.3 mg/L residual n-alkane concentration the accumulation of extracellular WE-alike compounds can be up to 12 times higher compared to intracellular, reaching 3.08 grams per litre of reactor volume (g/L_reactor) extracellularly and 0.28 g/L_reactor intracellularly. With residual n-alkane concentration of 311.5 ± 34.2 mg/L accumulation of extracellular and intracellular WE-alike compounds can reach up to 6.15 and 0.91 g/L_reactor, respectively. To the best of our knowledge simultaneous PW treatment coupled with production of neutral lipids has never been demonstrated before.