Use of flow cytometry in forensic medicine: Current scenario and future prospects

Several methodologies are being used on different biological, physical and chemical indicators to determine the postmortem interval (PMI); however, most of them are not completely accurate. Flow cytometry is an emerging technology widely used for single cell analysis in the field of clinical pathology. Studies on flow cytometry and its application in the field of forensic medicine were retrieved from systematic web searched of different databases including "MEDLINE", "ScienceDirect", "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" using keywords forensic science; forensic medicine; forensic investigation; flow cytometry; DNA; postmortem interval; vitreous humour with the last search performed in January 2018. A total of 43 publications have been reviewed, and out of them 22 studies met our criteria and have been cited in this article. A handful of studies have evaluated the application of flow cytometry in forensic medicine for estimation of the PMI and identification of the perpetrator of sexual assault cases. Flow cytometry is also useful for quantifying the ABH antigens in red blood cells as well as in other human samples that can be further used for personal identification. In conclusion, flow cytometry is more sensitive, faster and easy compared to the other methods of investigation, thus making it a preferred method. However, a large numbers of studies with the application of flow cytometry on different cases of death are required to establish a universally accepted rate of DNA degradation to avoid errors in judgment.