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Colon constipation in horses after sustained-release buprenorphine administration
Olivier L Levionnois1, Claudia Graubner2, Claudia Spadavecchia1
1Section of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
|October 10, 2018
Summary
Sustained-release buprenorphine in horses caused severe colon constipation and increased locomotor activity, precluding its clinical use. Plasma concentrations were adequate for pain relief for 48 hours.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pharmacology
- Equine Medicine
- Drug Delivery Systems
Background:
- Buprenorphine is a potent opioid analgesic.
- Sustained-release formulations aim to prolong drug effect.
- Investigating novel drug delivery for equine pain management is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the pharmacological profile of sustained-release buprenorphine in horses.
- To identify potential side effects of this formulation.
- To determine plasma concentrations and duration of action.
Main Methods:
- A pilot trial involving four horses (18-27 years).
- Buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) in a sustained-release carrier was administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
- Horses were monitored for activity, and plasma buprenorphine levels were quantified.
Main Results:
- All horses experienced colon constipation and increased locomotor activity.
- One horse was euthanized due to complications; others recovered within 5-7 days.
- Plasma buprenorphine levels (1-8 ng/mL) persisted for approximately 48 hours with no local reactions.
Conclusions:
- Sustained-release buprenorphine achieved plasma concentrations for antinociception for 48 hours.
- Severe adverse effects, including colon constipation and hyperactivity, were observed.
- The formulation's side effects at this dose prevent its clinical application in horses.
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