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RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and its application in ovarian cancer

Jinglu Wang1, Dylan C Dean2, Francis J Hornicek2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Gynecologic Oncology
|October 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) offers advanced insights into ovarian cancer molecular pathogenesis, outperforming older methods for early detection and identifying drug resistance markers. This technology enhances understanding of gene expression and molecular pathways for improved ovarian cancer research.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of gynecological cancer mortality, with early detection biomarkers and drug resistance remaining significant challenges.
  • Advances in RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) using Next Generation Sequencing technology have significantly improved our understanding of ovarian cancer's molecular basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) over traditional transcriptomics methods in ovarian cancer research.
  • To highlight recent applications of RNA-Seq in understanding ovarian cancer's molecular pathogenesis, detection, and treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) with hybridization-based microarray and Sanger sequencing.
  • Review of studies utilizing RNA-Seq for gene expression quantification, alternative splicing, mutation identification, and novel transcript discovery in ovarian cancer.

Main Results:

  • RNA-Seq provides higher resolution, greater transcriptome complexity, reduced background noise, and a broader dynamic range compared to older methods.
  • RNA-Seq facilitates identification of alternatively spliced genes, fusion genes, mutations, allele-specific expression, novel transcripts, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Applications in ovarian cancer include earlier detection, pathological origin determination, and defining aberrant genes and molecular pathways.

Conclusions:

  • RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful tool for advancing ovarian cancer research due to its comprehensive data output and analytical capabilities.
  • The adoption of RNA-Seq is crucial for overcoming challenges in early detection and drug resistance, paving the way for improved patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Drug resistanceEarly detectionNon-coding RNAOvarian cancerRNA-Seq

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