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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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A novel class of microRNA-recognition elements that function only within open reading frames.

Kai Zhang1, Xiaorong Zhang2, Zhiqiang Cai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|October 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies novel microRNA (miRNA) recognition elements exclusively in protein-coding sequences. These CDS-targeted miRNAs regulate gene expression via ribosome stalling, distinct from 3' UTR targeting mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Post-transcriptional Regulation

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) typically target 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs for post-transcriptional gene silencing.
  • While miRNAs can target protein-coding sequences (CDS), their mechanisms were thought to be uniform regardless of target site location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel class of miRNA-recognition elements (MREs) found exclusively within CDS regions.
  • To elucidate the distinct mechanisms and functional consequences of miRNA targeting within CDS compared to 3' UTRs.

Main Methods:

  • Functional assays to characterize CDS-targeted MREs.
  • Mechanistic studies involving Argonaute and GW182 proteins.
  • Analysis of translation repression and mRNA stability.

Main Results:

  • A class of MREs functioning exclusively in CDS was identified.
  • CDS-targeted miRNAs require extensive 3'-side base-pairing and operate in an Argonaute-dependent, GW182-independent manner.
  • These miRNAs repress translation by inducing transient ribosome stalling, not mRNA destabilization.

Conclusions:

  • CDS-targeted miRNAs employ distinct mechanisms compared to 3' UTR-targeted miRNAs.
  • This suggests a potential role for CDS-targeted miRNAs in translational quality control in mammalian cells.