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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Overview
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

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Augmentation cystoplasty in neuropathic bladder.

Sheilagh Reid1, Paul Tophill1, Nadir Osman2

  • 1Princess Royal Spinal Injuries Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
|October 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cystoplasty is a safe and effective treatment for neuropathic bladder, showing similar high continence rates and low complications in a recent 10-year study compared to an earlier one.

Keywords:
Augmentation cystoplastyDetrusor overactivitySpinal injury

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Neuropathic bladder management often requires surgical intervention.
  • Cystoplasty has been a historical treatment option for severe cases.
  • Assessing the evolving role of cystoplasty in current practice is crucial.

Observation:

  • A retrospective case series analyzed 51 patients undergoing cystoplasty between 2004-2014.
  • This contrasts with a previous series of 78 patients from 1982-1992 at the same institution.
  • Fewer spina bifida cases and sphincter insertions were noted in the current series.

Findings:

  • Continence rates remained high and similar in both series (93.7% vs. 93.6%).
  • Adverse events were low in both retrospective cohorts.
  • Despite fewer procedures, cystoplasty outcomes were comparable over time.

Implications:

  • Cystoplasty continues to be a viable and safe surgical option for carefully selected neuropathic bladder patients.
  • The technique demonstrates consistent efficacy in improving bladder capacity and continence.
  • Further research may explore patient selection criteria and long-term outcomes.