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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Plant Pathology
    • Ecology

    Background:

    • Plant galls are complex structures resulting from plant-invertebrate interactions.
    • Endophytic and epiphytic microbial communities play roles in plant health and disease.
    • Understanding yeast diversity in galls can reveal ecological interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate yeast abundance and species diversity in plant galls and on healthy leaves.
    • To compare endophytic yeast communities in galls with epiphytic yeast communities on leaves.
    • To determine if yeast community composition differs based on gall type or host plant.

    Main Methods:

    • Sampling of galls and undamaged leaves from Salix, Quercus, Tilia, and Ulmus species.
    • Isolation and identification of yeast species from endophytic and epiphytic communities.
    • Quantification of yeast cell abundance (CFU/g).

    Main Results:

    • Yeast abundance dynamics in galls significantly differed from epiphytic communities.
    • Endophytic yeast cell numbers in galls were comparable to epiphytic yeast abundance.
    • 14 yeast species were isolated; Ascomycetes predominated in insect galls (willow, oak), while Basidiomycetes dominated mite galls (linden, elm) and leaf surfaces.

    Conclusions:

    • Gall formation influences endophytic yeast communities.
    • The type of gall inducer (insect vs. mite) correlates with yeast phylum dominance.
    • Endophytic microbes are integral to the gall formation process, highlighting their ecological significance.