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Lung Capacity

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Transplantation of Bioengineered Lung Using Decellularized Mouse Lungs and Primary Human Endothelial Cells

Transplantation of Bioengineered Lung Using Decellularized Mouse Lungs and Primary Human Endothelial Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

Lung bioengineering: advances and challenges in lung decellularization and recellularization.

Juan J Uriarte¹, Franziska E Uhl^1,2, Sara E Rolandsson Enes^1,2

¹Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation

|October 10, 2018

Summary

Lung bioengineering using decellularized and recellularized scaffolds offers a promising alternative to transplantation. Continued research in lung tissue engineering aims to improve gas exchange and develop a functional bioartificial lung.

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Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Transplantation of Bioengineered Lung Using Decellularized Mouse Lungs and Primary Human Endothelial Cells

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Published on: March 28, 2025

Nonhuman Primate Lung Decellularization and Recellularization Using a Specialized Large-organ Bioreactor

Nonhuman Primate Lung Decellularization and Recellularization Using a Specialized Large-organ Bioreactor

Published on: December 15, 2013

Engineered Lung Tissues Prepared from Decellularized Lung Slices

Engineered Lung Tissues Prepared from Decellularized Lung Slices

Published on: January 21, 2022

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biomaterials Science
Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

Lung tissue engineering utilizes natural extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds to address donor shortages and transplant rejection.
Advances in combining scaffolds, cells, and molecules aim to restore lung function, primarily gas exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current progress in bioengineering lungs using decellularized and recellularized scaffolds.
To highlight challenges and future directions in lung tissue engineering and regeneration.

Main Methods:

Review of decellularization and recellularization protocols for lung scaffolds.
Analysis of techniques for optimizing cell repopulation and functional tissue development.

Main Results:

Decellularization and recellularization protocols are advancing functional lung tissue engineering.
Optimization of lung recellularization is crucial for developing transplantable bioartificial lungs.

Conclusions:

Bioengineering lungs with recellularized scaffolds presents a potential curative option for end-stage organ failure.
Understanding lung ECM and cellular cues is key to improving lung regeneration and tissue engineering.